![]() Use the undo button to go back and try another column. Empty columns: try to empty columns as quickly as possible and use them as temporary storage to see under cards that are face down, to check if they are useful.You can only do this if there is at least 1 card in each column. You must deal new cards when you can no longer move any cards. So, it is a good idea to arrange the cards by colour as much as possible when starting the game. However, complete sequences can only be cleared to the foundation if they belong to the same suit. For example, a Jack of Clubs can be placed on a Queen of Hearts. When playing with 2 or 4 suits, you can simply move cards to other cards that are one point higher in value, irrespective of the colour. This functions largely in the same way as playing with a single suit, except that you need to take the colours into account. Furthermore, it is important to know that you can place any random card in an empty column and that you go back one step using the undo button. Whenever you move a card that was face down, the previously hidden card will be turned up. For example if the 7, 6, and 5 of Spades are on top of each other, then you can move all three at the same time to an open 8. It is also possible to move several cards at once, if they are all in ascending order with a one point difference. The most important rule of the Spider Solitaire game is that you can only place a card on top of another card that is 1 point higher in value.įor example, you can only place the 2 of Spades on the 3 of Spades (see illustration). ![]() It is played with just one suit: Spades! In this game, you do not need to take account of the colours when moving the cards. Level 1 is played differently from the other two levels: 1 suit Our Spider Solitaire game has 3 levels: 1 colour (easy), 2 colours (more challenging), and 4 colours (extremely challenging, only for the real expert). Once you have completed a sequence, it will automatically be moved to the foundation and you can start on the next sequence and so on, until you have cleared the whole tableau. For this purpose, you must arrange all cards in the tableau in descending order in the same suit, from King to Ace. The aim of Spider Solitaire is to move all cards from the tableau to the foundation. ![]() The Foundation will ultimately contain all 104 cards, sorted by colour and in order from King to Ace, arranged in 8 stacks.Each column in the tableau gets a new card whenever you tap on this stock. The Stock contains the 50 cards that have not yet been dealt.Here, around half (54 cards) of the 104 cards in play are arranged in 10 columns. The Tableau is the section in which the game is played.To fully understand how to play Spider Solitaire, we will first take a look at the playing field. It is played by 1 person only and uses 2 decks of cards. ![]() Spider is a Solitaire game made popular by Microsoft Windows. ![]()
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![]() ![]() The creators of the format pronounced the acronym GIF as / dʒ ɪ f/, with a soft g, with Wilhite stating that he intended for the pronunciation to deliberately echo the American peanut butter brand Jif, and CompuServe employees would often quip "choosy developers choose GIF", a spoof of Jif's television commercials. The most common pronunciations in English are / dʒ ɪ f/ ⓘ (with a soft g as in gin) and / ɡ ɪ f/ ⓘ (with a hard g as in gift), differing in the phoneme represented by the letter G. ![]() The pronunciation of the first letter of GIF has been disputed since the 1990s. Main article: Pronunciation of GIF A humorous image announcing the launch of a Tumblr account for the White House suggests pronouncing GIF with a hard g. The press's lexicographers voted it their word of the year, saying that GIFs have evolved into "a tool with serious applications including research and journalism". In 2012, the American wing of the Oxford University Press recognized GIF as a verb as well, meaning "to create a GIF file", as in "GIFing was the perfect medium for sharing scenes from the Summer Olympics". Terminology Īs a noun, the word GIF is found in the newer editions of many dictionaries. In January 2018 Instagram also added GIF stickers to the story mode. In May 2015 Facebook added support for GIF. The optional interlacing feature, which stores image scan lines out of order in such a fashion that even a partially downloaded image was somewhat recognizable, also helped GIF's popularity, as a user could abort the download if it was not what was required. The feature of storing multiple images in one file, accompanied by control data, is used extensively on the Web to produce simple animations. In 2004, all patents relating to the proprietary compression used for GIF expired. Controversy over the licensing agreement between Unisys and CompuServe in 1994 spurred the development of the Portable Network Graphics (PNG) standard. While GIF was developed by CompuServe, it used the Lempel–Ziv–Welch (LZW) lossless data compression algorithm patented by Unisys in 1985. In September 1995 Netscape Navigator 2.0 added the ability for animated GIFs to loop. GIF was one of the first two image formats commonly used on Web sites, the other being the black-and-white XBM. By December 1987, for example, an Apple IIGS user could view pictures created on an Atari ST or Commodore 64. The two versions can be distinguished by looking at the first six bytes of the file (the " magic number" or signature), which, when interpreted as ASCII, read "GIF87a" or "GIF89a", respectively.ĬompuServe encouraged the adoption of GIF by providing downloadable conversion utilities for many computers. As there is little control over display fonts, however, this feature is rarely used. allowing text labels as text (not embedding them in the graphical data).storage of application-specific metadata.In 1989, CompuServe released an enhanced version, called 89a, This version added: This version already supported multiple images in a stream. The original version of GIF was called 87a. Since this was more efficient than the run-length encoding used by PCX and MacPaint, fairly large images could be downloaded reasonably quickly even with slow modems. GIF became popular because it used Lempel–Ziv–Welch data compression. This replaced their earlier run-length encoding format, which was black and white only. History įurther information: § Unisys and LZW patent enforcementĬompuServe introduced GIF on 15 June 1987 to provide a color image format for their file downloading areas. These replacements, in turn, are often termed "GIFs" despite having no relation to the original file format. While once in widespread usage on the World Wide Web because of its wide implementation and portability between applications and operating systems, usage of the format has declined for space and quality reasons, often being replaced with video formats such as the MP4 file format. GIF images are compressed using the Lempel–Ziv–Welch (LZW) lossless data compression technique to reduce the file size without degrading the visual quality. These palette limitations make GIF less suitable for reproducing color photographs and other images with color gradients but well-suited for simpler images such as graphics or logos with solid areas of color. It can also represent multiple images in a file, which can be used for animations, and allows a separate palette of up to 256 colors for each frame. The format can contain up to 8 bits per pixel, allowing a single image to reference its own palette of up to 256 different colors chosen from the 24-bit RGB color space. The Graphics Interchange Format ( GIF / ɡ ɪ f/ GHIF or / dʒ ɪ f/ JIF, see § Pronunciation) is a bitmap image format that was developed by a team at the online services provider CompuServe led by American computer scientist Steve Wilhite and released on June 15, 1987. ![]() ![]() ![]() It continues to be a popular brand of cordless battery-powered, corded electric, and gas-powered outdoor equipment. In January 2018, the power tools division was sold to the Kyocera Corporation, though still retaining the Ryobi brand name. (now simply Ryobi) is a Japanese company founded in 1943, with power tool manufacturing beginning in 1968. We’re making it for you, specifically.Do you own the Ryobi RY143011 and agree (or disagree) with these strengths and weaknesses? ![]() OPE Reviews is written by landscaping professionals, tree care Pros, heavy equipment operators, and general contractors… If you work with landscaping, trees, or outdoor power equipment, you’re going to relate to our writers (and you’ll want to read more and more). There’s one key thing to note about OPE Reviews: we’re all about the consumer, professional landscaper, arborist, and agriculture Pro. ![]() In today’s world of Internet news and online content, we began to inquire and found that more and more professionals were researching a majority of their major tool purchases online. OPE Reviews publishes in-depth reviews and industry tool news centering around the outdoor power equipment industry. See our Privacy Policy and Terms & Conditions. Reaching everyone from the construction industry professional and tradesman to the serious DIYer, Pro Tool Reviews helps tool consumers shop better, work smarter, and stay aware of what tools and products can help put them at the top of their game. Pro Tool Reviews critically reviews hundreds of hand tools, power tools, and accessories each year to help inform users about the best and newest products in the industry. He also heads up the Pro Tool Innovation Awards, an annual awards program honoring innovative tools and accessories across the trades.Ĭrediting God and his excellent staff for the success of what is now the largest power tool review publication in the industry, Clint DeBoer hopes to see continued growth for the company as it rapidly expands its reach. In 2008, Clint founded Pro Tool Reviews followed by the landscape and outdoor power equipment-focused OPE Reviews in 2017. publishing company in 1996, he went on to help start or grow several successful online publications, including Audioholics (as Editor-in-Chief for 12 years) and AV Gadgets. ![]() He also carries several THX certifications (Technician I and II, THX Video), and is ISF Level II Certified.Īfter founding the CD Media, Inc. Working for such clients as Universal Pictures, Hollywood Pictures, Paramount Home Entertainment, NASA, Universal Studios, Planet Hollywood, SEGA, NASCAR, and others, Clint DeBoer dealt extensively with client management as well as film & video editing, color correction, and digital video & MPEG compression. Years later, he moved into the expanding area of video editing, where he served as the company’s senior AVID video editor for three years. Working on a myriad of feature films, Clint honed his skills as a dialogue editor, foley editor, and sound designer. After graduating at the top of his class with an Associates Degree in Recording Engineering, he began working for the famed Soundelux studios in 1994, one of the largest post-production companies specializing in audio for feature films & television. You can purchase any of these three tools right now at Home Depot (in-store or online).Ĭlint’s career has covered nearly the entire realm of audio and video production. They released both a 2700 PSI version and also an 1800 PSI pressure washer. Ryobi introduced two other pressure washers alongside this model. Includes 5-in-1 Quick-Change nozzle (15°, 25°, 40°, Fan Soap, and Jet Soap) and a Turbo nozzle.12-inch wheels for navigating rough grass or on and off concrete.Greenworks is the only other electric pressure washer at the same PSI output level. Ryobi tops out at 1.1 GPM while consumer 3000 PSI gas pressure washers average around 2.0 GPM. While Ryobi nails the entry-level PSI pressure needed for a true homeowner product, gas still typically offers great water flow rates (GPM). Indeed, it removes the need for most maintenance you’d associate with a typical gas pressure washer. The upside is that the Ryobi RY143011VNM requires no gas or oil. Ryobi designed this electric pressure washer to put out enough pressure to compete with entry-level gas-powered models. ![]() ![]() ![]() The first factor is the spring mechanism. When choosing durable alligator clips, there are several factors to consider. Stainless steel is highly resistant to corrosion, making it the best material for alligator clips that will be exposed to harsh environmental conditions. Brass and copper are excellent conductors of electricity however, they tend to corrode over time. The most common materials used in manufacturing alligator clips are brass, copper, and stainless steel. Additionally, consider the size and shape of the object you will be connecting to, as well as any specific features or requirements that may dictate the type of alligator clip you choose. If safety is a concern or you will be working with high-voltage equipment, an insulated alligator clip may be necessary. If you need a stronger grip or durability for heavy-duty applications, an angled-jaw alligator clip may be a better choice. If you need a simple and affordable connector for general-purpose use, a straight-jaw alligator clip may be sufficient. To determine which type of alligator clip suits your needs, consider the application and environment in which you will be using them. However, they may be more expensive than non-insulated alligator clips, and their insulation may limit their use in certain situations. The advantages of insulated alligator clips include their safety features, as well as their ability to prevent accidental contact with live wires or conductors. Insulated alligator clips are commonly used in high-voltage applications or situations where safety is a concern. These clips have a plastic or rubber coating on the handles and jaws, providing insulation and protection against electric shock or short circuits. The third type of alligator clip is the insulated alligator clip. However, they may not be as versatile as straight-jaw alligator clips, and their angled design may limit their use in certain applications. The advantages of angled-jaw alligator clips include their ability to grip onto irregular shapes and surfaces, as well as their durability and strength. Angled-jaw alligator clips are commonly used in automotive repairs or other applications where a stronger grip is necessary. These clips have jaws that are bent at an angle, allowing for a better grip on larger objects or surfaces. The second type of alligator clip is the angled-jaw alligator clip. However, they may not be suitable for heavy-duty applications or situations where a more secure grip is required. The advantages of straight-jaw alligator clips include their simplicity and affordability, as well as their ability to grip onto small wires or components. These clips have straight metal jaws that open and close parallel to each other, and they are often used for general-purpose applications such as testing circuits or attaching wires. ![]() The first type of alligator clip is the classic straight-jaw alligator clip. Recognized brands and their reputation for producing high-quality alligator clips are also discussed, along with how to balance price and quality when making a purchase decision. Additionally, it provides information on the materials used to manufacture alligator clips, factors to consider when choosing durable alligator clips, and tips on maintaining their durability. This article outlines the advantages and disadvantages of different types of alligator clips and how to choose the appropriate size and strength for specific applications. With different types of alligator clips available in the market, it can be challenging to determine which type suits your needs. Alligator clips are an essential tool for anyone working with electronics or electrical systems. ![]() ![]() ![]() The Elder Futhark runic alphabet was such an ideal system: there are as many Elder Futhark runes as there were sounds in the Proto-Norse language, for which they were developed. ![]() The ideal alphabet has a separate symbol (letter or rune) for each sound the language has. Now if we are to spell it in the Elder Futhark runes, we have to look deeper into what spelling is and have a look at the following facts: You may want to have inked in runes the name of a beloved one, your own name, or a name of a deceased person who was important in your life. Many runic tattoo designs include a name. Perhaps you wouldn’t like to be in such a situation with your runic inscription, would you? The name is well known in India because of Queen Victoria, so the person who developed the tattoo design probably wasn’t a native Hindi speaker and even did not know the language well. The tattoo read Vihctoria instead of Victoria with additional h. David Beckham inked his wife’s name on his left forearm in Hindi but misspelt it. Online translation tools may play a trick on you: a woman who wanted to have “I love David” in Hebrew on her back, later realized the actual tattoo said “Babylon is the world’s leading dictionary and translation software”. Tattooed inscriptions in foreign languages or written in unusual characters may well be a source of trouble, especially if you don’t know well the language or the writing system. If you are about to have a Norse or Viking tattoo, I bet you want to include some Nordic runes into it. ![]() Developing a great design for a tattoo is critical in case you seriously plan to get inked. ![]() ![]() ![]() Hyper- or hyporeactivity to sensory stimulationįor a person to meet criteria, characteristics must be present during a child’s early development.Preoccupation with objects or topics of interest.Presence of restricted or repetitive patterns of behavior.In the DSM-5, because communication and social skills operate together, they are now combined.Ĭharacteristics may include the following: In the DSM-IV, communication and social were seen as two separate areas. Impairment in social communication and interaction.Question: What are the DSM-5 characteristics?ĪNSWER: Under the newest changes, the DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for Autism Spectrum Disorder require the person to demonstrate characteristics in two categories. Preoccupation with objects or topics of interest or with parts of objects.Presence of restricted, repetitive, or stereotyped patterns of behavior.Difficulty developing peer relationships.Limited ability to engage in imaginative play.Question: What were the diagnostic criteria in the DSM-IV?ĪNSWER: Previously, the DSM-IV diagnostic criteria required the person to demonstrate characteristics in three categories.Ĭharacteristics may have included the following: This new change reflects the idea that this disorder is a spectrum and that every individual with ASD is unique in their abilities and challenges. The DSM-5 will now use the overarching term Autism Spectrum Disorder and allow clinicians to indicate levels of severity. In addition, Rett's Syndrome is now considered a completely separate disorder. The terms Asperger's Syndrome, Pervasive Developmental Disorder-Not Otherwise Specified (PDD-NOS), and Childhood Disintegrative Disorder are no longer included in the definition. In this fifth edition of the DSM, as we have learned even more about the disorder, the definitions and terms have changed yet again. These four terms plus Autistic Disorder were grouped together under the label of Pervasive Developmental Disorder and included individuals with both severe and subtle challenges in their level and type of communication or social ability. Also included at that time were the disorders Childhood Disintegrative Disorder, Rett's Syndrome, and Pervasive Developmental Disorder-Not Otherwise Specified (PDD-NOS). In 1994, with the release of the DSM-IV, the definition was modified to include the term Asperger's Syndrome for the first time. As research and our understanding of ASD advanced, these same behaviors were classified as a separate disorder in 1980, at first called infantile autism and later changed to autistic disorder. This disorder was classified with childhood schizophrenia and the label given to only those with the most severe challenges. In the earliest versions of the DSM, ASD was not well understood, and the term "autistic-type behaviors" was used. The original versions provided narrow definitions, which were expanded more broadly in later years. Although first defined as a mental health disorder, it was later correctly placed under neurodevelopmental disorders. Question: What is the history of ASD in the DSM?ĪNSWER: As you can see from the timeline, both the term and the definition of Autism Spectrum Disorder have changed many times over the years. It is not intended to be used in any way to identify or diagnose ASD. The purpose of this fact sheet is to act as a source of information regarding the definition of ASD according to the most recent version of the DSM. Such assessments are to be completed by trained medical personnel such as developmental pediatricians and psychologists. Instead, making a differential diagnosis requires a clinician to gather records and information about a person’s past history, conduct observations, interview caregivers, and conduct assessments designed to aid in the identification of ASD. At this time, no medical test exists for the diagnosis of ASD. Question: What is the purpose of this fact sheet?ĪNSWER: It is important to remember that making a diagnosis of ASD is a complicated matter. The DSM 5th edition (DSM-5), released in May, 2013, provides the latest definition of ASD based on what science and research have uncovered over time. This manual is used by clinicians and researchers to diagnose and classify disorders, including ASD. One way to view this progression is through the many revisions of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) published by the American Psychiatric Association (APA). Due to years of research in a wide variety of fields, our understanding of what ASD is and what it looks like in different individuals has changed dramatically over time. What we know now is far beyond what we once believed. Defining and understanding Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a constantly evolving process. ![]() |
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